Decision Making Process in Statistical Data Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Decision Making Process in Statistical Data Analysis. Answer: Introduction: Consumers are individuals who are often targeted by marketers to promote their business. Consumers needs often vary depending on the quality of services offered to them, price, demography, and satisfaction. Due to the many demands from consumers, marketers often face a challenge of modifying their products to suit consumers demands (Christopher 2016). Most marketers' greatest desires are consistently geared towards learning the consumer minds. Marketers often want to learn or have knowledge of criteria that consumers often use in the decision-making process. The desire among marketers on an understanding of consumer decision-making process has globally attracted the attention of researcher within the marketing field to conduct research on consumer decision-making process (Oliver 2014). The researchers came up with different steps which were further merged into the following five steps. The five steps that are aimed towards consumer decision-making process include problem recognition, the search process, alternative evaluation process, and selection stage and decision evaluation stage (Kotler et al. 2015). Problem Recognition Problem recognition stage is a stage whereby the consumers often identify an issue that they need to solve or take action so as to end the point. Problem recognition steps recognize that during this juncture the consumers are often in demand for a product and are seeking for various open avenues in which they can find the products they need. Some consumers often result into doing window shopping's, searching for products they desire online, from magazines or even through consultation with friends aware of their needs. During this stage, more than three-quarters (3/4) of consumers usually feel uncomfortable until they solve the problem (Maine, Soh and Dos 2015). The marketer role during the problem recognition process is to determine specific geographical locations where their products are on demand then take advantage of the growing opportunity to advertise their products through different channels of the business marketing process Search process The search process is a situation whereby consumers who are in need of certain products that they feel will satisfy their needs takes an action of searching for the products. There are different methods that consumers can use to search for a product's. Example of a search process that can be used for locating a product is the digital method. The digital method of searching for products is an internet based process product search where the consumer uses the search optimization engine to find products they want (Brian 2015).The manual method, on the other hand, is the processes where consumers personally do research on the products they want by visiting various shops or by inquiring from their friends. The main advantage of a standard product is consumers can see the physical condition of the product they want to purchase thus making it easier for a consumer to make their decisions (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). Another advantage of manual search relies on inquiries from family and frie nds. Through investigations, consumers will be able to get better recommendations on locations where they can get their desired products. Evaluation alternatives An assessment option regularly occurs after a purchaser has identified the products he/she wishes to buy (Jrvstrand, Larsson and Sundstrm 2016). During an evaluation process, the consumers are usually in the search approach of the best product in the market. Consumer choice on best products is always influenced by several factors. Such factors include price, quantity and quality, mode of delivery if it's an online transaction and the customer service accorded to them. Customers are also associated with a tendency of reading reviews of the products from other clients who have purchased the product before. From the reviews; the customers will be able to compare prices, and quality of the service offered by a given organization then can purchase products they desire. For example; through an online review of a particular product, customers can come up with decisions on the best place to satisfy their customer needs. Selection process After adding up all the approaches for the decision made by customers, the customers is now able to decide on the product they wish to purchase and on the location of the product. The selection process requires clients to take risks of the products they want to buy. Another selection process requirement is that the consumers should be explicit on products they want to purchase. During the selection process, most of the clients usually have prior experience of the particular product thus making it easier for them to purchase their desired products quickly. Decision evaluation Decision evaluation is more often than not based on the consumers view on the products (Atkinson and Rosenthal 2014). For instance, the consumer often looks into issues like whether the purchased product satisfies customer needs, whether it is below or above customers expectations. This implies that the product manufacturers to use entrepreneurial tactics so as to attract more customers. The objective of most marketers is not often based on a one-time client but rather a full-time customer. Bad experiences on a company review may change consumer views of the product. Analyzing Whether the Consumer Decisions are Accurate Representations of Accurate Decision Making Decision-making processes are not just about influencing decision makers to solve their problems, but it is also concerned about transparency and accuracy. An appropriately made decision can help individuals improve on experts precision and the clarity of the important choices (Hogarth and Soyer 2015). A good decision-making process is determined by factors such as consistency, transparency, adaptability, improvement and accuracy (Shaik and Abdul-Kader 2014). The factors determining decision-making process are interrelated to each other. The accuracy of a decision pattern is influenced by transparency, consistency, adaptability and improvement or developments. Transparency, inaccurate decision-making process, is achieved when an observer or someone not involved in the decision process can readily recognize how an individual settled for a decision (Ho 2015). Attaining consistency in an accurate decision-making process directly implies that the person involved in a decision-making process can make similar choices given the same information. For instance, in marketing, a consumer consistency can be traced when consumers are unique to a given product despite the existence of other products related to the products. Accuracy in decision-making process requires development and improvements due to the modern changing technological times caused as a result of globalization (Kerzner 2013). A decision is declared accurate if it keeps on improving and not stagnant for an extended period. An accurate decision should be adaptable; this means that the decisions can be adjusted so as to fit into the required changing policies (Miller and Olshavsky 2016). The five steps of the consumer decision-making process can be linked to accuracy in the following ways; The first step of consumer decision, Problem recognition, is an accurate representation of actual decision making as problems identified are dependent on the situation, and therefore decisions are made depending on the situation at hand. During a problem recognition process, it is easy to attain transparency as clients are desperate and uncomfortable until they get solutions to their problems. The step can, therefore, be classified as an accurate representation for a reasonable decision making processing since transparency is part of the model that provides an accurate decision-making process. The second step of consumer decision-making process is the search process. The search process is reliant on adaptability and improvement. Adaptability and improvement in a search process are evident when a consumer uses a search engine to look for an individual product. The search engines like Google often provide information pertaining particular product from the current to past details (Yadav and Pavlou 2014). The third step of consumer decision-making process is the evaluation alternative. The assessment option is often concerned with a consumer looking for alternative information regarding a product and choosing from the best. The evaluation process may be accurate when the consumer uses the experience of their friends and family when they want to purchase a product. This is because friends are family are likely to refer people related to them to marketers who offered them the quality product. The reference from family and friends is a consistency approach as they can choose the same product over and over again. The fourth step of a consumer decision-making process is the selection process. The selection process is an adequate representation of consumer accurate decision making as the consumer has the freewill right to choose a product of interest. During the selection process, the consumer makes their choices based on the product price, customer service and the quality and quantity of the product in appropriate cases. Another reason why the selection process is perceived to be consumers accurate representation of actual decision making is that the consumer can select and buy a product depending on the price they have and on the quality he/she desires. The fifth process of consumer decision making step is the decision evaluation stage. During this stage, the consumer often evaluates a product based on the benefits or problems it has caused them (Blut, Beatty, Evanschitzky and Brock 2014). The decision evaluation step is an accurate representation of consumers decision making as the consumers give information depending on the product efficiency to them. Information obtained from consumers during the decision evaluation step is of much significance to the marketers as they able to use such information to improve the quality of their products which will, in turn, lead to an increasing product demand desire and improved status of the products earned income. The internet is often used as a search engine optimizer, evaluation alternative and selection process: The internet is the most common tool used by consumer to search for products and fulfill their consumer needs. Consumers use the internet in three ways, one way of using the internet is while searching for products they wish to purchase, and the second way is during evaluation alternatives when consumer tends to look for reviews from the internet before making decisions on whether or not to purchase the product. The third way is during a selection process where consumer uses the internet to look for best market product and as a tool aided towards helping them select the best product. Critique of the Example Used One advantage that the web marketing has over other marketing methods is its capacity of providing different options and review from clients which will determine whether a product should be purchased or not (Johnston Marshall 2016). The online evaluation process can either be accurate or inaccurate depending on the consumer evaluation approach. For example, during an evaluation process, especially if an evaluation is made online, the consumer may not find accurate details concerning the product. This is because some marketers never post an actual image of what they offer online. Most consumers have reported being surprised when online products are delivered to them as the products are always different from what they book online (Shapiro and Varian). The internet despite being a global mechanism that is aimed at uniting all consumers in the world may be difficult to access. For example; some parts of the world dont have good internet connectivity and therefore resulting into poor networking connections. Consumers in underdeveloped and developing countries are mostly pruned to internet connectivity network problems (Sweeney, J.C. and Soutar 2011). The internet may be an expensive search tool for consumers who may not be able to pay for the internet costs thereby making it difficult for some consumers to access relevant information via the internet. During the search and review of possible alternatives in the internet, consumers may fall victims and scams that are always found on the internet (Henderson 2014) .Some people often posting themselves as marketers in the internet are often not legit. They may con consumers into sending money so as to get the products delivered to them. Only for consumers to realize after sending money that they have been conned. Consumers are often advised not to send money on online purchase platforms before products are delivered to them. Consumer should also be careful about the information they leave on the computers especially when one is used to access information through the cyber. Over the years, the world has experienced a higher number of individuals opting to market their products online. This has promoted product marketing thus enabling consumers and marketers to easily link without so much hustles. Consumers are able to sort all their decision making processes on the internet without having to physically move from one place to another. The internet, despite the few challenges it has still proves to be the leading consumer step to decision making process. Conclusion Consumers' behavior varies depending on the market trends and the consumer needs. The accuracy of a consumer decision is influenced by transparency, consistency, adaptability and improvements made on the products. Marketers who are consistent and flexible in improving their product earn the trust of more consumers as compared to marketers who are stagnant in the same product delivery over an extended period. A consumer decision affects both the consumer and marketers. A safe and appropriate consumer decision will assist a consumer to get quality goods and in turn boost or promote a marketer's brand. While poor consumer decision making may affect a marketer brand even if it is of high quality due to consumer assumptions that may add a negative review to a marketer products. References Atkinson, L. and Rosenthal, S., 2014. Green sells Signaling: the influence of eco-label source, argument specificity, and product involvement on consumer trust. Journal of Advertising, 43(1), pp.33-45 Blut, M., Beatty, S.E., Evanschitzky, H., and Brock, C., 2014. The effects of service characteristics on the switching costscustomer loyalty link. Journal of Retailing, 90(2), pp.275-290 Brian, J., 2015. Marketing Segmentation: A Case Study on Performance Solutions Group, LLC Christopher, M., 2016. Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Ferrell, O.C., and Fraedrich, J., 2015. Business Ethics: Ethical Decision-making cases. Nelson Education Ho, T., 2015. The Decision-Making Process exploration in Statistical Data Analysis: A Qualitative Study of Quantitative Researchers. Hogarth, R.M., and Soyer, E., 2015. Information Provision for decision making: Contrasting description and simulation. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 4(3), pp.221-228 Henderson, H., 2014. Internet predators. Infobase Publishing. Jrvstrand, A., Larsson, A., and Sundstrm, K., 2016. Transforming Consumer Values into Eco-Friendly Purchases: A study on young Swedish consumers within the Electronic mobile device market Johnston, M.W., and Marshall, G.W., 2016. Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge Kerzner, H., 2013. Project management: a systems module to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons Kotler, Hmonnet-Goujot, Manceau, and Keller, A., 2015. Management Practices in Marketing (Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Maine, E., Soh, P.H. and Dos Santos, N., 2015. The role of entrepreneurial decision-making in opportunity creation and recognition. Technovation, 39, pp.53-72 Miller, J.A. and Olshavsky, R.W., 2016. Limits to Optimal Consumer Problem Solving: A Framework for Consumer Protection Policy. In Proceedings of the 1979 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 350-354). Springer International Publishing Oliver, R.L., 2014. Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Shaik, M.N., and Abdul-Kader, W. 2014. Comprehensive performance measurement and causal-effect decision-making model for reverse logistics enterprise. Computers Industrial Engineering, 68, pp.87-103 Shapiro, C. and Varian, H.R., 2013. Information policy on a strategic guide to the network economy. Harvard Business Press. Sweeney, J.C. and Soutar, G.N., 2011. Consumer perceived value: The development of a multiple item scale. Journal of retailing, 77(2), pp.203-220. Yadav, S.M, and Pavlou, P.A., 2014. Marketing in computer-generational environments: Research synthesis and new directions. Journal of Marketing, 78(1), pp.20-40

Case Study for Global Crisis Managementâ€Toyota

Question: Describe about the Case Study for Global Crisis Management Toyota. Answer: Definition of Product-Harm Crisis Product- harm crisis refers to when the products of a company are said to be faulty, dangerous and unsafe to the consumers (Samaraweera Qing, 2014). A product crisis can affect the whole product type or a subcategory of the product and mostly leads to a product recall voluntarily or the government regulators can force the recall. In the case of Toyota, its product harm-crisis was triggered by accident that was caused by a Toyota Lexus when its accelerator got stuck, and the vehicle crushed killing four people. Product crisis has short term effects which could be lost sales and product recall costs. In the long-term, the crisis would damage the reputation of the company. Problems Toyota Leaders Must Solve The leaders of Toyota have to restore its companys reputation and consumer loyalty. Consumers across the world react differently to product harm crisis. Research shows that consumers tend to get over a crisis and its effects if the company announces a voluntary recall and is publicly responsible for its product (Sakurai, 2011). Toyota recall was forced by the government, and this had a negative impact on the Toyota reputation. The public did not believe the explanation given by the company, and this has upheld public trust (Lei, Dawar, Grhan-Canli, 2012).Negative effects on the company. The major challenge facing Toyota is to Organizational Successful and Unsuccessful Changes Digitization of the automobile is a threat that is associated directly with the recall. With advanced computers, automobile manufacturers have adopted computerized systems to regulate and enhance the functioning and performance of the vehicles. During previous Toyota recalls, the company had promised to develop a database that would show defects and report them so that it could monitor customer complaints that are vehicle-related in a fast way (Rajasekera, 2013). The current recall reviewed that the company did not create the database, or it did not give much attention to the information collected by the database in a well-timed manner. This situation may be a new opportunity to a company that has the means to observe and respond to customer complaints in time. This is a problem the leaders at Toyota need to address to maintain its market share and to avoid the situation that happened to Sony. The power of social media was brought to light by the crisis. Media has a significant effect on the crisis management. Toyota had realized the importance of the social networks earlier, and it has added fans on Facebook during the crisis. However, observing a company's performance on a social network does not show everything. Toyota needs to watch its competitors. The analysis shows that Hyundai, an automobile company from Korea, has increased its fans on social networks at a high rate. There must be a cause of this increase, and Toyota needs to discover what it is. Monitoring the trends of competitors is vital for any company as it helps the company to have a competitive advantage against its competitors (Rajasekera, 2013) Product-harm crisis leads to a brand crisis that would lead to losses in sales volume and market share (Cleeren, van Heerde, Dekimpe, 2013). This is one of the major crisis that Toyota leaders have to solve. After the recall, the stock prices of Toyota started dropping drastically. However, the effects on the stock price were not so overwhelming because they started to rise immediately after the Toyota president Akio attended the US public hearing in February 2010 (Rajasekera, 2010). Organizational change can be challenging to implement, and this may determine if is successful or unsuccessful. Toyota's organizational change that was unsuccessful was the use of a defect-reporting database to monitor customer complaints. In one of the statement presented to the U.S. Congress, the Toyota president, Akio Toyoda said the growth rate of Toyota was increasing at a high rate, and they focused on increasing the sales of cars rather than giving attention to quality and customer complaints. However, use of social networks by the company was a success. The company has added its fans on Facebook even during the crisis. Media can be of significant help to a company in crisis management. Recommendations The first recommendation would give use of social network sites. A company can use social media to disseminate company message to the public, and if properly used, it can help keep an eye on the public. People rely more on social networks such as Facebook and Twitter during the crisis. By tapping on the social networks, one can get real-time information from customers and competitors. Toyota could also use the internet to develop software and database that monitor and report defects and the customer complain. With the use of this database, Toyota will be able to act on its customer complaints more efficiently. Secondly, Toyota needs to emphasize on its quality of vehicles rather than the volume of sales they make. To win its customer and public trust back, they must produce automobiles of higher quality and avoid any future recall. Digitization of automobiles can be a way to monitor and maintain quality in the vehicles it produces. References Cleeren, K., Van Heerde, H. J., Dekimpe, M. G. (2013). Rising from the ashes: How brands And categories can overcome product-harm crises. Journal of Marketing,77(2), 58-77. German, F., Grewal, R., Ross Jr, W. T., Srivastava, R. K. (2014). Product recalls and the The moderating role of brand commitment.Marketing Letters, 25(2), 179-191. Lei, J., Dawar, N., Grhan-Canli, Z. (2012). Base-rate information in consumer attributions of Product-harm crises.Journal of Marketing Research,49(3), 336-348. Rajasekera, J. (2010). Crisis management in social media and digital age: Recall problem and Challenges to Toyota.International University of Japan Graduate School of International Management Working Paper No. IM-2010-02. Rajasekera, J. (2013). Challenges to Toyota caused by recall problems, social networks and Digitization.Asian Academy of Management Journal, 18(1), 1-17. Sakurai, M. (2011). The impact of Toyota Recalls on Corporate Reputation. International Management19(1), 73-89. Samaraweera, G. C., Li, C., Qing, P. (2014). Mitigating Product-Harm Crises and Making Markets Sustainable: How does National Culture Matter? Sustainability,6(5), 2642-2657.

Kia Case Study Essay Example

Kia Case Study Essay Why was it so difficult for Kia to identify sources of defects in the cars it produced? Kia had created a system which gives reports of any defect, accident or injuries involving its vehicle to the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The received information stored in at least seven different system run by Kias warranty, parts, consumer and legal affairs departments. This fragmentation of information in different system prevented Kia to get a complete picture of defect. Kia could have created some software on the fly that merely pushed the required information out of these systems, but then the information would have to be collated manually. This solution would have been very time consuming 2. What was the business impact of Kia not having an information system to track defects? What other business processes besides manufacturing and production were affected? Without a system for tracking and identifying defects, Kia did not know how serious its quality control problem was until customer complaints piled up. The high incidence of defects in Kia products affected marketplace perceptions of the Kia brand, customer retention rates, and Kia’s ability to continue ramping up sales. The quality problems affected its profitability. 3. How did Kias new defect-reporting system improve the way it ran its business? KIA uses information systems to help it identify sources of defects in cars so it can improve cars quality, reduce warranty repair costs, and increase customer satisfaction. The new systems not only assisted Kia in detecting quality problems, it also enabled them to increase profitability and even strategic advantage. 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Kia Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Kia Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Kia Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What management, organization, and technology issues did Kia have to address when it adopted its new quality control system? Kia developed a system to report any defects, accidents, or injuries involving its vehicles to the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Kia management had to also monitor customer complaints. Kia also developed quality improvement solutions and monitor defects. Finally, Kia implemented Infogain software to identify potential problems. This software needed to be integrated with a number of different systems run by Kia’s warranty, parts, consumer, and legal affairs departments. . What new business processes were enabled by Kias new quality control system? The information generated by this system is helping Kia pinpoint the sources of defects and determine what percentage of its vehicles is likely to have problems. The company can then improve its production processes before the problems become more widespread, thus lowering costs f or warranty repairs. This information also helps Kia determine the most cost effective strategy for dealing with its quality problems.

Harvard Supplement Essay Sample - An Easy Way to Stand Out

Harvard Supplement Essay Sample - An Easy Way to Stand OutIn any college application, a Harvard Supplement Essay is a must. This essay can make or break your chance of getting into the prestigious university. It is a very tough decision to make so a lot of work has to be put into it.Most people think that you must have an amazing GPA to get into Harvard, but that is not the case. It is not that students who score well on their exams are automatically admitted to Harvard. It is not like that at all. A mediocre GPA does not mean that you cannot get into Harvard.There are many great online Harvard Supplement Essay samples available. You can find these by doing a simple Google search. After finding some websites to submit your essay to, make sure that you are submitting your essay to websites that are legitimate. There are many scams out there and if you want to get the best deal, you should stay away from such sites.While looking for essay samples for your Harvard Application, make sure that you check out the sites that have been around for a while. These sites usually do all the research on their students for them. They also give them a guide for writing the perfect Harvard Supplement Essay. They make sure that they provide every step necessary so that the students can write a great paper. Thus, these sites give the students the best chance of writing the best essay.The essays for Harvard have changed a lot in the last few years. In the past, the essay was quite simple and easy to write. But nowadays, it has gotten more sophisticated. The academic standards have also gone up. So a student must be ready to put a lot of effort into the essay.The main points for Harvard are the ability to interact with people from different cultures, and the ability to read and analyze. The essays can cover topics such as the diversity within Harvard University, or the importance of social networking in today's world. The essays should help students establish their connections withi n the university.Supplementing your Harvard application essay will help you stand out among the other applicants. Students in the past had to worry a lot about their GPA but not anymore. With the help of some Harvard Supplement Essay samples, a student can ace their admissions test and get into Harvard.

8 Signs You Need To Get Out of Corporate America

8 Signs You Need To Get Out of Corporate America There are a lot of perks that come with working in corporate America: the pay is usually good, there are usually decent benefits, and sometimes you get to sit in beanbag chairs and get your work-out in during your lunch break. But there are also a ton of drawbacks. Here are 7 reasons you’re probably not well suited to the corporate climate and might consider getting out. You shouldn’t necessarily quit and run off to join the circus, but, you know, start looking around for other opportunities.1. You’re not a natural brown noser.Schmoozing is a requisite for the corporate world. Your talent and skills and the work you deliver- no matter how top notch- is not enough to get ahead. You could be by far the strongest link on the team and still get passed up for promotion in favor of some guy who just knows how to kiss butt. If you’re not the type to cultivate this skill, or you find the whole process abhorrent, maybe corporate is not for you.2. Phonies make you s ick.Ever had a conversation with someone in the business world where you can tell they’re not really listening, not really there? Laughing at jokes like a zombie chorus when the jokes aren’t even funny? Coming out with lines that sound right out of an HR ad? Spewing corporatese left and right with no idea what they’re really trying to communicate? If you can’t handle a world of fake smiles and meaningless buzzwords anymore, just remember: it’s not you, it’s them.3. You yearn to be in charge.You’re not in the driver’s seat for your career- the corporation is. It will look after itself first and foremost: its own health, goals, longevity, and profit margin. If you want more control or agency in the way your career moves forward, try smaller businesses or other career avenues.4. Benefits go bye-bye.You used to get great perks and full benefits packages in corporate gigs. But nowadays, more companies are cutting costs by passing th ose costs on to their employees. Keeping their workers loyal, healthy, and happy is not as much of a priority anymore compared with profit margins and appeasing shareholders. You’re just a cog after all- and totally replaceable. If you want to be valued for your loyalty, maybe start looking elsewhere.5. You’re not into being cutthroat.People are leaping over the backstabbed dead bodies of their colleagues to get ahead. And this type of behavior will always be rewarded. If you’re a bit too tenderhearted for this, then you should rethink where you’re working. Especially considering you’re not necessarily being rewarded for your talents.6. It’s all about the money.No one cares about you personally in a corporate job- and certainly not your partner, your aging parents, or your kids. No one really cares about making a difference or saving the world- despite what their commercials lead you to believe. What they care about is profit. That’s the bottom line. If you’re more altruistic, or just a little bit less profit-obsessed, maybe move along.7. The hours are too much to handle.It’s one thing putting in ridiculous hours for a job you really love, one that’s really doing something for your life and career goals, i.e. doing what you love. It’s another thing entirely to be slaving away nights, weekends, after hours, when you know you’re not personally valued and the work you’re doing isn’t making much of a difference in the world.8. You’re too creative.Never mind being too tenderhearted for the vicious Game-of-Thronesy work climates, you’re just too darned creative for the structure and the monotony of meetings and memos that comprise the corporate 9-to-5. Maybe you find yourself unable to focus with all the meaningless noise. Maybe you’re not productive on the normal daily schedule, and work best from, say, noon to six. Maybe your brain works best in f its of productivity, with plenty of time to roam around and do other tasks in between, to rest your juices. Maybe you’d be much better off getting paid a higher amount per hour, and working fewer hours. Maybe you just feel a cubicle is a cage for your brain. Maybe numbers aren’t your jam. And maybe, just maybe, you’re incredibly talented and need a bit of an unorthodox structure in a place that values your particular set of skills. Either way, you’re very likely to be stifled in the corporate world.

Risk Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Risk Management - Case Study Example The server has been assigned an impact value of 100, and a control has been implemented that reduces the impact of the vulnerability by 75 percent. There is an 80 percent certainty of the assumptions and data. Operator use the MGMT45 control console to monitor operations is the server room. It has no password and is susceptible to unlogged misuse by the operator. Estimates show the likelihood of misuse is 0.1. There are no controls in place on this asset, which has an impact rating of 5. There is a 90 percent certainty of the assumptions and data. From the above data, the three assets for the company are extremely valuable. The following is how the organization will approach in evaluation and additional of more controls. Switch L47 has 2 vulnerability. Vulnerability 1 Switch L47 connects a network to the internet should be evaluated first, and additional controls put in place to secure the internal network from external attacks. This asset is extremely significant since there are many attackers constantly trying to access the company information. Therefore, securing switch L47 is important. It has percentage impact (90%) with high uncertainty of 25%. There is no any control in place to secure this asset hence it should be given priority. Server WebSrv6 Hosts should be the second one to be evaluated and additional measures put in place. It has high impact rate and 20% of uncertainty rate. It is second to be evaluated although it has 100 impact value because it has a control in place already. The MGMT45 control console to should be the last one to be evaluated since it has low impact value of 5 with a low rate of uncertainty (10%). It can be evaluated and secured last. There is only one source of risk which the operator hence it is easy to evaluate and provide appropriate measures. This is a very essential decision support tool with high capability to analyze and help users in making decisions. It was developed by Agena Limited. It is can

Land law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Land law - Essay Example e disputes are likely to occur when the forms are incomplete or absent, as was the case in TSB Bank Plc v Botham.3 This aspect was also applied in the Taylor case, where it was held that the time for assessing whether an item is a fixture or chattel is at the time of contracting, otherwise it could amount to concealment. Therefore, a great deal will depend upon the contents of the mortgage contract Freddy has with Lords Bank and whether or not it has been specified that certain items will not be considered fixtures for purposes of the contract. When the question concerns the determination of whether or not an item belongs to a house, then it must be such that it becomes a part of the land itself. The case of Elitestone Ltd v Morris4 demonstrates this principle. In this case, the property in question was a house that had been prefabricated and stood on cement pillars so it was viewed as personal property (chattel) by the Court of Appeal. However, when the case went to the House of Lords, it was held that a removal of the building would have entailed its destruction, therefore the building was a part of the land itself and could not be removed. However, in the case of Chelsea Yacht and Boat Club v Pope5 , a house on a barge that was attached at the side through gas and electricity cables, was not deemed to be a part of the land, but was considered personal property that could be removed. Therefore, when the position on fixtures/fittings has not been clearly specified in the contract, the most important aspect in the determination of whether an item is removable or not will depend upon the extent to which it is considered to be a part of the property itself. Applying this distinction therefore, items which become a part of the house will be considered to be fixtures and will not be removable. However, items which do not become part of the house but are removable will be considered fittings and they can be removed. For example, in the case of Berkeley v Poulett6